Apart from tackling the drawbacks of fossil fuel and food crop biofuel, microalgae can also act as a natural carbon sink, whereby about 455 g of microalgae can convert 816.5 g of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere into oxygen. Microalgae can produce higher biomass per unit area compared to terrestrial plants, and can easily grow in wastewater and seawater-based mediums that make it a sustainable option for biofuel production. This biofuel is known as third-generation biofuel, where the use of microalgae as the feedstock can mitigate the conflict between food security and biofuel production.
Microalgae have become an attractive source of biofuel production. The use of food crops as a feedstock can trigger the conflict between food security and biofuel production. Raw materials from food crops such as corn, wheat, rice and sugarcane are currently being used for the production of biofuel. It is essential to find an alternative to current conventional fossil fuels in order to ensure a sustainable future. The transportation sector accounts for more than a quarter of the global greenhouse gas emissions, rooted in the burning of vehicle fuel. The global temperature has increased by 1.09 ☌ since the industrial revolution due to the emission of greenhouse gases from anthropogenic activities. Unsustainable usage and management of fossil fuels can lead to fuel shortage in the future as they are non-renewable resources. Two types of fatty acid methyl esters were recovered from the study, with C5:0 being the main component extracted.
At the 15-min flotation time, 150 g/L of fructose solution with a 1:2 mass separating agent-acetonitrile ratio successfully extracted up to 74% of lipid from Chlorella sorokiniana CY-1. It represents a holistic study of optimum and effective conditions needed to extract lipids from the system and to understand the reliability of sugar solution as the agent of cell disruption. This is the first study to combine the methods of liquid biphasic flotation system with the sugaring-out technique.
Therefore, this study focuses on a sustainable extraction of lipids from microalgae for the production of biofuel using a liquid biphasic flotation system coupled with sugaring-out method. However, the main bottlenecks of biofuel are the ongoing controversial conflict between food security with biofuel production. Biofuel has attracted much attention, as it shows great potential for the replacement of traditional fossil fuels. Therefore, scientists from all around the world are focusing on finding a sustainable alternative to conventional vehicle fuel. The transportation sector contributes up to 25% of the total emissions released, mainly from the burning of vehicle fuel. The increase in global temperature calls for ambitious action to reduce the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
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